Molecular biology/immunology techniques: Flow cytometry, immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence staining, RNA and protein extraction from cells and tissues, qRT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, RNAseq sample preparation and data analysis.

In vivo models (mice): Learning and memory (water maze, passive avoidance, and elevated plus maze tests), depression (hole cross, open field, rota-rod, and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping tests), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light-dark box, hole board, and marble burying tests), nociception and inflammation (hot plate, tail immersion, acetic acid, formalin, cinnamaldehyde, and glutamate tests), ulcerative colitis (Muc2-mutated Winnie colitis, DSS-induced colitis in wild  type, IL-22 receptor gene Il-22ra1 knockout and autophagy gene Atg7 knockout mice), lung infection (pneumovirus (PVM)-induced), lung fibrosis (bleomycin-induced).

Route of drug administration: Oral, intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) and rectal.

Sample harvest: Dissection of animals and collection of serum, brain, intestine (Swiss roll), cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, brachial lymph nodes, liver, spleen, pancreas, and skin.

Ex vivo models: Human primary colon and small intestinal epithelial organoids, primary cultured rat cortical cells, human primary bronchial epithelial cells, murine primary lung, colonic, small intestinal and cecal epithelial organoids.

In vitro models: LS174T, LS513, HT29, Caco2, HCT116, A549, 16HBE, SH-SY5Y, BV2, THP1, and RAW264.7 cell lines, and high throughput luciferase reporter assay.

Other techniques: Cell proliferation and migration through live cell imaging system and cell differentiation using chemical-induced method, exosome isolation.